Halogenation is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It is the addition of a halogen molecule across the C=C.
A very common example is that of the addition of bromine.
The reaction happens between the HOMO of the alken and the LUMO of the halogen molecule. Alkene being electron rich provides it HOMO electrons for bond formation with the halogen.
This leads to the foramtion of a cyclic bromonium ion which is opened by the attack of the bromide anion, leading to the formation of a dibromide.
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